wNsudkj;a b;sydih fukak
fua wo 69 jk wNsudkj;a ixj;airh iurk tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfha b;sydih ms<snoj ,xld ta ksjqia ;nk flá igykla'
1946 iema;eïn¾ udifha 6 jkod wdrïN jk tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh ,dxlSh foaYmd,k l=i ;=< ms<sis| .kafka Bg oYl lsysmhlg fmrhs' ta iqÿ wêrdcHjd§kaf.ka rg ksoyia lr.ekSfï igk fjkqfjka furg kdhlhska 1912 § wdrïN l, wuoHm jHdmdrh iu.hs'
mQcH yslalvqfõ Y%S iqux.," mQcH ñf.Ügqj;af;a .=Kdkkao kdhl iajdókao%hka jykafia,do wk.dßl O¾umd," j,sisxy yßiapkao%" t*a'wd¾ fiakdkdhl" ã'tia fiakdkdhl" i¾ ã'î ch;s,l wd§ ,dxlSh ck kdhlhska wuoH jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍfï mqfrda.dóka f,i lghq;= l,y' rgmqrd iqÿ cd;Ska úiska furg ck;djg mqreÿ mqyqKq l, u;amdkfha úmdl ck;dj oekqj;a l, fuu kdhlhska ksjy,a ksoyia cd;shl jákdluo tys§ ck;djg fmkajdÿkay' bkamiq wuoHm jHdmdrfha kdhlhska /ila iqÿ wêrdcHjd§kaf.a rch úiska isrNdrhg .ekSu;a iu.u Tjqkag úreoaOj iïmQ¾Kfhkau Y%S ,xldj ksoyia rdcHhla lr.ekSfï igk weröu i|yd cd;sl jHdmdrhl wjYH;djh fuu kdhlhskag we;súh'
ta wkqj 1918 jif¾§ ,xld cd;sl ix.uh f,i ìysjk kj cd;sl jHdmdrhg ish¿ cd;Ska ksfhdackh lrñka W.;a ,dxlslhska /ila tlaúh' ysgmq ckdêm;s f–'wd¾ chj¾Ok uy;df.a mshdjk B'ví chj¾Ok uy;d úiska ,xld cd;sl ix.uh weröug uQ,sl;ajh ,ndfok w;r Bg i¾ fmdkakïn,ï rdukdoka" i¾ fudfyduâ udlka udl¾" i¾ f–ïia mSßia" B'ví fmf¾rd jeks kdhlhska /ilao ;u odhl;ajh ,ndÿkay'
ksoyi b,a,d fuu jHdmdrh úiska f.k.sh igk fya;=fjka fvdkfuda¾ fldñIka iNdfõ ks¾foaY u; 1931 § rdcH uka;%K iNdj msysgqùfuka miq ,xld cd;sl ix.ufha .ukau.g ndOdo t,a,úh' ta ,xld cd;sl ix.uhg wu;rj iuiudc mlaIh" iQßhu,a jHdmdrh jeks ;j;a foaYmd,k ixúOdk ìysùu ;=<sks'
flfia jqj;a ta jk úg ,xld cd;sl ix.uh ksfhdackh l, ;reK kdhlhska /ilg kj foaYmd,k jHdmdrhl wjYH;djh oekqkq w;r Bg ã'tia fiakdkdhl" vâ,s fiakdkdhl" f–'wd¾ chj¾Ok" we,anÜ t*a mSßia hk kdhlhska kj Ôjhlao ,ndÿkay'
ta wkqj tys m%;sM,hla f,i 1946 iema;eïn¾ 6 jk Èk fld<U .s,a*%â fl%ikaÜys mdïfldaÜ ukaÈrfha§ mej;s m<uq /iaùfï§ rdcH iNd uka;%S tia'kfâIka ue;s;=ud úiska lrk ,o fhdackdjla rdcH iNd uka;%S à'î chd ue;s;=ud úiska ia:sr lrkq ,ÿj tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh hk kñka kj foaYmd,k jHdmdrhla weròks' Bg isxy, uyd iNdj" o%úv ix.uh" uqia,sï fmruqK" fhdakl" uef,a" n¾.¾ yd hqfrdamSh cd;Ska ksfhdackh lrk ix.ïo tlaùu ;=< tu kj foaYmd,k mlaIh iudch ;=< mq¿,aj úyso .sfhah'
bka wk;=rej tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh ish foaYmd,k .ukau. wrUñka ,xld md¾,sfïka;=fjka fjkqfjka 1947 § mej;s m<uq ue;sjrKfha§ jeä uyck uka;%S wdik ixLHdjla ,nd.ksñka wdKavq n,h Èkd.ekSug iu;aúh' fida,anß fldñIka iNdfõ ks¾foaY u; iajdëk rdcHla ìyslsÍug iu;ajQ fuu rch 1948 fmnrjdß 4 jk Èk Y%S ,xldj n%s;dkH wêrdcHfhka ksoyi ,nd§ug Wr§ lghq;= lf<ah'
ksoyia Y%S ,xldfõ m<uq w.ue;sjrhd f,i uydudkH ã'tia fiakdkdhl ue;s;=uka ta wkqj ,la b;sydihg tlaúh' bka wk;=rej mlaIh úiska rgg oehg w;suy;a jevfldgila bgqlrñka bÈßhg .ukalrk w;r 1952 jif¾ ud¾;= ui 22 jk Èk .d¨ uqjfodr msáfha§ w.%dud;H uydudkH ã'tia fiakdkdhl ue;s;=uka ìu weojeàu;a iu. tu .ukau.g m<uq ndOdj t,a,úh' tu wk;=ßka t;=ud wNdjm%dma;ùu;a iu.u mlaIfha kdhl;ajh i|yd vâ,s fiakdkdhl uy;d fukau i¾ fcdaka fld;,dj, uy;ajreka w;r WKqiqï igkla we;sjQ w;r wjidkfha vâ,s fiakdkdhl uy;d mlaI kdhl;ajhg yd w.%dud;H OQrhg m;afjñka th ksudúh'
isxy, uyd iNdj iu. tlai;a cd;sl mlaIhg tlajk tia'ví'wd¾'ã nKavdrkdhl ue;s;=ud mlaIh iu. we;slr.;a u;.egqula fya;=fjka 1952 § tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfhka bj;ajf.dia Tyqf.a kdhl;ajh hgf;a Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh msysgqùu;a iu.u tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfhka fjkaj .sh m<uq msßi f,i Tjqka b;sydihg tlaúh'
flfia jqj;a 1953 jif¾§ jdudxIsl kdhlhska úiska kdhl;ajh fok ,o y¾;d,a jHdmdrhla fya;=fjka mlaI kdhl vâ,s fiakdkdhl ue;s;=ud mlaI kdhl;ajfhka yd w.%dud;H OQrfhkao b,a,d wiaúh' ta;a iu.u mlaI kdhl;ajhg m;ajk i¾ fcdaka fld;,dj, uy;d w.%dud;H OQrh fydnjñka 1956 olajd rch mj;ajdf.k hdug iu;aúh'
ish¿ cd;Skaf.a iyNd.S;ajfhka tlai;a Y%S ,xldjla ìyslsÍfï wruqKska tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh wdrïNjqjo bka ì£.sh tia'ví'wd¾'ã nKavdrkdhl ue;s;=ud isxy, muKla hk u;fhys msysgd lghq;= lsÍu fya;=fjka tf;la f.dvk.df.k wd ,dxlSh cd;Sfha úYd, bß;e,Sula we;súh' flfia jqj;a 1956 § mej;s uyd ue;sjrKfhka tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh oreKq mrdchlg m;ajkafka nKavdrkdhl ue;s;=udf.a tu u;h nyqq;r isxy, c;djf.a yeÛSïj,g wdYajdockl ud;Dldjla jQ ksidfjks'
flfia jqj;a tlai;a cd;sl mlaI rchla ìyslsÍfï wruqKska tjl mlaIh ;=< isá ish¿ n,uq¿ tla;ekafldgf.k 1958 § uykqjr n,d oejeka; md.ukla f–'wd¾ chj¾Ok ue;s;=udf.a kdhl;ajfhka .uka werUqjo bUq,af.dv§ Bg t,a,jk rdcH u¾Okh yryd th kj;d oeóug isÿúh'
1960 jif¾ isg 1965 jir olajd furg foaYmd,kfha úúO isÿùï /ila isÿjQ w;r h<s;a 1965 § wdKavq n,h ,nd.ekSug tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh iu;aúh' vâ,s fiakdkdhl w.ue;s;=uka hgf;a 1970 jir olajd md,k n,h fydnjk tu rch ksoyia Y%S ,xldfõ bÈß .ukg jevodhS mshjrhka /ila wdrïN lsÍugo uQ,sl;ajh .;af;ah'
kuq;a 1970 jif¾ mej;s uyd ue;sjrKfha§ h<s;a j;djla tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh kue;s ;ks foaYmd,k mlaIh mrdch lrñka ikaOdk iu.s fmruqK kj rchla msysgqjk w;r tys§ tlai;a cd;sl mlaIhg md¾,sfïka;=j ;=< ysñjQ uka;%S OQr ixLHdjo wvqúh' tys úmlaIkdhl OQrh fydnjñka mlaIhg kdhl;ajh ,ndfok f–'wd¾ chj¾Ok ue;s;=uka 1973 § mlaI kdhl;ajhg m;ajkafka vâ,s fiakdkdhl ue;s;=ukaf.a wNdjh;a iu.hs'
úfYaIfhkau 1971 wfma%,a udifha we;sjk ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa ;reK le/,af,a§ j.lsj hq;= úmlaIhla f,i rchg iydh olajk tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh 70 ) 77 iu.s fmruqKq wdKavqfjka isÿl, ck;d úfrdaë l%shdjkag tfrysj mdrg neiSugo wu;l fkdlf<ah' ck;dj jy¿ka fia i,lñka ;uka ,nd.kakd wdydr fõ," w¢k m<¢k we÷ïj,g mjd iSud mkjñka fmda,sï hq.hla f.k.sh iu.s fmruqKq wdKavqjg tfrysj f–'wd¾ chj¾Ok uy;df.a kdhl;ajh hgf;a oejeka; foaYmd,k m%ydrhka Èh;alrñka mlaIh h<s;a ch.%dyS udj;g wj;S¾K jkafka 1977 jif¾§h'
1977 jif¾ mej;s uyd ue;sjrKfha§ 5$6 l n,hla ,nd úYsIaG chla ysñlr.kakd tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh ksoyia Y%S ,xldj kùk f,dalhg wjYH wdldrfhka yev.eiaùug kj jHjia:djla yd wd¾:sl l%ufõohlao rgg odhdo lrkq ,eîh' ta wkqj kj jHjia:dj u.ska rfÜ kdhlhd f,i úOdhl ckdêm;sjrfhl= kïfldg ;snQ w;r fca'wd¾ chj¾Ok ue;s;=ud Y%S ,xldfõ m%:u úOdhl ckdêm;sjrhd f,ig b;sydi fmd;a w;rg tlaúh' fï jk úg tlai;a cd;sl mlaIho oejeka;u foaYmd,k jHdmdrh f,i iúu;a jk w;r kuq;a 1988 89 hq.fha h<s;a ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK úiska NSIKldÍ hq.hla ks¾udKh lsÍu;a iu.u bka jeäfhkau neglE foaYmd,k jHdmdrho f,io tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh m;aúh'
tjeks ndOd uOHfha 1989 ckdêm;sjrKhg yd uyd ue;sjrKhg uqyqKfok tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh bka ch.%yKh lrkafka mlaIh ;=< we;s ixúOdkd;aul Yla;sh fudkjg ms<sìUq lrñks' ta wkqj furg muKla fkdj f,dju ms<s.kakd foaYmd,k kdhlhl=jQ f–'wd¾ chj¾Ok ue;s;=uka ish foaYmd,k Èúfhka iuq.ekSu;a iu.u 1989 jif¾ mej;s ckdêm;sjrKfhka ch.kakd rKisxy fma%uodi w.%dud;H;=ud furg fojk úOdhl ckdêm;sjrhd f,i Èjqreï§u isÿúh' tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh ;=< ´kEu ;rd;srul mqoa.,fhl=g bÈßhg hdyels njg fmkakqï lrñka mlaI kdhl;ajh lrd .uka lrñka rfÜ kdhl;ajhg m;ajk rKisxyfma%uodi ckdêm;s;=ud rg ;=<;a mlaIh ;=<;a fjkialï .Kkdjla isÿlf<ah'
flfia jqj;a óg fmr mlaIh ;=< we;sjQ u;.egqïj,g tyd hñka wNHka;r .egqï m%isoaO foaYmd,k fõÈldjg f.k tk foaYmd,k n,f,daNS igk werfUkafka tu hq.fha§ ùu úfYaI;ajhls' ckdêm;s rKisxy fma%uodi uy;dg tfrysj mlaIfhau kdhlhska fom<la jQ ,,s;a we;=<;auqo,s yd .dñ” Èidkdhl úiska Èh;a lrkq ,nk fodaIdNsfhda. jHdmdrh yryd tf;la fuf;la tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfha isÿjQ úYd,u bß;e,Su igykaúh'
,laI 10 l muK idudðl msßila iu. ,,s;a .dñ” kdhl fom< mlaIfhka bj;aj fjkuu foaYmd,k jHdmdrhla wrUk w;r rKisxy fma%uodi ckdêm;sjrhd ;ks fkdlrñka ã'î úf–;=x." rks,a úl%uisxy jeks kdhlhska mlaIh wdrlaId lr.kafka furg iudcfha meje;au fjkqfjka tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfha wjYH;djh uekeúka jgyd.;a ksidfjks' flfia jqj;a tlai;a cd;sl mlaIhg w;aj ;snQ tu wm,h ksud fkdjQ ksidfjkaufoda 1993 uehs ui 1 jk Èk ckdêm;s rKisxy fma%uodi uy;d t,a'à'à'B ;%ia;jd§kaf.a urdf.k uefrk fndaïnhlg yiqj ñhhkafka rgg ck;djg fukau mlaIhgo msßueish fkdyels mdvqjla ysñlr,ñks'
fma%uodi ckdêm;sjrhdf.a úfhdaj;a iu.u w.%dud;H ã'î úf–;=x. uy;d mlaI kdhl;ajhg m;ajk w;r Tyq hgf;a leãfjkaù .sh mlaIh h<s;a tluq;= lrñka .dñ” Èidkdhl yd tia'ví'wd¾'ã nKavdrkdhl w.%dud;H;=ukaf.a mq;KqjkajQ wkqr nKavdrkdhl uy;d tlai;a cd;sl mlaIhg tla lr.ekSuo isÿúh'
kuq;a 1994 jif¾§ mej;s uydue;sjrKfhka oejeka; miqnEulg ,laj ;snQ mlaIh ikaOdk .; fmdÿck tlai;a fmruqK yuqfõ mrdch jkafka tla uka;%S wiqklska ùuo úfYaI;ajhls' bka wk;=rej meje;afjk ckdêm;sjrKfha§ tlai;a cd;sl mlaI ckdêm;s OQr wfmalaIlhd f,i úmlaIkdhl .dñ” Èidkdhl uy;d ;rÛjÈk kuq;a Pkao igfka wjika Èk lsysmfha§ Tyq we;=¿ mlaIfha fcHIaG kdhlhska /ila t,a'à'à'B fha l=ßre fndaïn m%ydrhla fya;=fjka Ôú;laIhg m;aúh'
fujeks lvdjeàï /ila yuqfõ wfmalaId Nx.;ajhg m;aj isá mdlaIslhskag kjuq n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla Wreu lrfoñka rks,a úl%uisxy ue;s;=uka mlaI kdhl;ajhg yd úmlaI kdhlOQrhg m;ajk w;r Tyq 1995 jif¾ isg h<s;a tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh oejeka; m%;sixúOdkj,g ,lalrñka rfÜ oejeka;u ;ks foaYmd,k n,fõ.h njg m;alr,Sug iu;aúh'
fï w;r 1999 jif¾§ meje;afjk ckdêm;sjrK igkg tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfha ckdêm;sOQr wfmalaIlhd f,i rks,a úl%uisxy ue;s;=uka bÈßm;ajk w;r tys§ m%;sjd§ wfmalaIsldj jQ ckdêm;sks pkao%sld nKavdrkdhl l=udr;=x. ue;sKshg m%n, igkla ,ndfoñka ch.%yKfha t<sm;a; wi,§ t,a'à'à'B ;%ia;jd§ka úiska ckdêm;sjßh fj; t,a, flreKq fndaïn m%ydrh fya;=fjka tu ch.%yKh wdmiq yerù hkafka rfÜ wfya;=jgu nj wuq;=fjka lsjhq;= ke;'
flfia kuq;a mdlaIslhd bÉPd Nx.;ajhg m;aùug bvfkd§ tlai;a cd;sl mlaI rchla ìyslsÍfï igk uykqjßka wrUd ckn, fufyhqu f,i md.ukska fld<Ug tkafka mlaIhg kj Ôjhla ,ndfoñks' tu ckn, fufyhqu fojk /<sfha§ fld<U k.rhg rfÜ isõfoiska ,laI 10 lg jvd jeä ck;djla /ialrk wjia:dfõ Bg t,a,jk wdKavqfõ u¾OkldÍ m%ydrhkag ,laù ;reK mdlaIslhska fofofkl= Èúmqokafka mlaIh;a rg;a fjkqfjka tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfha wdKavqjl jqjukdu f,djg lshdmdñks' ikaOdk rch flfrys l,lsÍ isá m%n, foaYmd,k kdhlhska /ilao ish wdKavq úfrdaë n,fõ.h iu. tlalr.ekSug iu;ajQ úmlaIkdhl rks,a úl%uisxy ue;s;=ud 2001 jif¾ mej;s uydue;sjrKfhka tlai;a cd;sl mlaI rchla msysgqjkafka rfÜ ish¿fokdf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;= u,am, .kajñks'
rgg iduh WodlsÍu yd ck;djg iqN Èúhla WodlsÍfï wruqKska tlai;a cd;sl mlaI rch úiska oejeka; jHdmD;Ska /ila wrUd ;sìh§ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK yd ikaOdkfha we;eï kdhlhskaf.a fukau foaYysff;IS cd;sl jHdmdrfha kdhlhskaf.a w¥ro¾YS nig jYSjk ckdêm;sks pkao%sld nKavdrkdhl l=udr;=x. ue;sKsh tlai;a cd;sl mlaI rch úiqrejd yßkafka foaYmd,k iïm%odhkao flf<iñks'
tlai;a ck;d ksoyia ikaOdkh iu. ;rÛje§ h<s;a úmlaIhg m;ajk tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh ó<Ûg iQodkï jQfha 2005 jif¾ mej;s ckdêm;sjrK igk i|ydhs' Bg rks,a úl%uisxy ue;s;=uka yd j;auka ckdêm;s uyskao rdcmlaI ue;s;=uka ;rÛ jeÿKq w;r Pkao igfka uq,isgu ch.%dylhd f,i bÈßfhkau miqjQfha úmlaIkdhl rks,a úl%uisxy ue;s;=udhs' kuq;a t;=uka n,hg m;ajqjfyd;a ;ukag w;ajk mrdch yd ;ukaf.a fldkafoaisj,g tlÛ fkdjk mqoa.,fhl= njg t,a'à'à'h Tyq y÷kdf.k isá neúka fou< ck;djf.a Pkaoh jdrKhg ,lalrñka h<s;a j;djla ish¿ Y%S ,dxlslhskaf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;= fnd| lr<sh'
2005 jif¾ isg úúO ye,yemamSï uOHfha bÈßhg wefoñka mj;sk tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh fï jk úg furg oejeka;u foaYmd,k jHdmdrh njg ;j;j;a Yla;su;a fjñka bÈßhg hñka isà' ta mlaIh ;=< isák n,f,daNS mqoa.,hska úúO wjia:djkaj,§ úúO l=uka;%K isÿl,o ta lsisfoalg;a fkdief,k mlaIh ;u Ôú;fha m<uq;ek,d ie,l+ kdhlfhl= jk rks,a úl%uisxy kdhl;=ud tlai;a cd;sl mlaIhg isák fyhsks'