ú,am;a;= cd;sl jfkdaoHdkfha W;=re udhsu jk fudor.xwdre  Thg  udhsïj msysgk ú,am;a;= W;=re wNh NQñh t<s fmfy<s lrñka 2010 jif¾§ kS;s úfrdaëj wdrïN l< wÆ;ska ckdjdi msysgqùfï lghq;= wo jk úg ú,am;a;= cd;sl jfkdaoHdkhg W;=ßka msysá jk ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=j hgf;a  md,kh jk" jk rlaIs; y;rla mqrd me;sr ;sfí' ú,am;a;= W;=re wNh NQñh t<s lr ckdjdi msysgqùug tfrysj  jkÔú ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=fjka wêlrK l%shdud¾.  f.k tu kS;s úfrdaë l%shdj k;r l<o  jk rlaIs;  úkdY lrñka isÿ lrk wÆ;ska uy mßudK  ckdjdi msysgq ùfï  yd bvï w;am;a lr .ekSfï lghq;= k;r lsÍug uyje,s  ixj¾Ok yd mßir wud;HdxYh hgf;a ke;fyd;a ckdêm;s;=uka hgf;a l%shd;aul jk" jk ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=jg ;ju fkdyels ù we;'

ukakdru Èia;%slalfha uqi,s m%dfoaYSh  ‍f,alï fldÜGdihg wh;aj fuu rlaIs; y;r msysgd we;s w;r tu iuia; jkdka;r m%foaY l,a wdre jkdka;rh f,i ye¢kafõ' Bg fya;=j tu jkdka;rh m%Odk jYfhkau l,a wdre Tfha c,

‍fmdaIl m%foaY f,i  mej;Suh   fuu jk rlaIs; w;=ßka ußÉpqlâä- lrälal=,s  jk rlaIs;fha wlalr 2500 la" ú,;a;sl=,ï jk rlaIs;fha wlalr 700la" fõmamd,a jk rlaIs;fha  wlalr 100la yd udú,aÆ jk rlaIs;fha  wlalr 100la jYfhka fuu  jk rlaIs; moaO;sfhka jkdka;r wlalr 34000la muK kS;s úfrdaë  f,i fy<s fmfy<s lr foaYmd,k Wjukdjka  u; wÆ;ska  ckdjdi msysgqùu yd bvï w;am;a lr .ekSu isÿ lr we;' miq.sh rch meje;s iufha isg fï kS;s úfrdaë l%shd È.ska È.gu isÿ fjoa§ wdKavq mlaIh fyda jk ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=j m%Odk rdcH wdh;k  fuh  ksjerÈ udj;lg f.k tau  i|yd uff;la  lsisÿ kS;suh l%shdud¾.hla fkd.ekSu  úYd, .egÆjls' 2010 jif¾ isg  kS;s úfrdaëj  jk rlaIs; t<s fmfy<s lrñka isÿ lrk  fuu ckdjdi msysgqùfï lghq;=  wo jk úg foaYmd,lhka úiska uy mßudK bvï w;am;a lr .ekSu olajd j¾Okh ù we;;a ta ms<sn|j  ksis wjOdkhla fhduq fkdùu lk.dgqjg lreKls'

flfia kuq;a fï jk rlaIs; úkdY lr uqia,sï ck;dj mÈxÑ lr wÆ;ska ckdjdi msysgqùu fya;=fjka fï kS;s úfrdaë yd mßir úkdYldÍ l%shdjg cd;sjd§ uqyqKqjrla  ,nd §ug  fndfyda msßila  W;aidy .ks;s' fuh cd;sjd§  me;slvlg  f.k hdug W;aidy ork fndfyda msßila iQodkï jkafka fuu uyd jk úkdYh yd bka we;s jk ydks idOdr”lrKh lsÍugh' fï ksidu fï kS;s úfrdaë l%shdjkag  tfrysj j.lsj hq;= wxY l%shdud¾. .ekSug ue,slula  olajk  nj fmfkkakg ;sfí' wdKavq mlaIh o fuu kS;s úfrdaë l%shdjg  tfrysj lghq;= lsÍu fjkqjg  we,auereKq m%;sm;a;shla wkq.ukh lrkafka o fï ksidh' b;du meyeÈ,sj i|yka l< hq;= fohla we;' tkï fï   m%Yakhg cd;sjd§ uqyqKqjrla ,nd§fuka isÿ jkafka  fï uyd jk úkdYh ;j ÿrg;a  j¾Okh lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd §u yd rfÜ ck;djf.a ixys¢hdj ì| jeàuh' tmuKla fkdj ta ksidu  n,OdÍkaf.a fï uqKsj; /lSfï wys;lr m%;sM, úÈkakg isÿ jkafka mgq foaYmd,k Wjukdjla u; mÈxÑ l< wysxil ck;djg yd ;u whs;sjdislï fjkqfjka yඬla fkdke.sh yels jk i;=kagh'

fuu wÆ;ska ckdjdi msysgqùfï l%shdj,sh  yqfol,d isÿùula fkdfõ' fuh miq.sh rcfha oejeka; jHdmD;shl tla fldgila muKs' lk.dgqjg lreK jkafka miq.sh rcfha úkdYldÍ  l%shdldÍ;ajh mrdch  lrñka n,hg m;a jQ j;auka hymd,k rch o miq.sh rcfha ydks lr m%;sm;a;s" l%shdud¾. yd jHdmD;s  ta whqßkau  wLKavj bÈßhg  isÿ lr f.k hduh'

2009 jif¾§  hqoaOh ksujkjd;a iu.u ú,am;a;= cd;sl jfkdaoHdkhg udhsïj  msysá  hqoaOfhka wj;eka jQ  ck;djf.a  fud,a,sl=,ï  yd ußÉÑlalâä .ïudk fol w;=ßka  fud,aÆl=,ï .ïudkh kdúl yuqodj úiska n,y;aldrfhka w,a,d .ksñka  miq.sh  rcfha úkdYldÍ jHdmD;sfha m<uq mshjr ;eìK' bka miqj ú,am;a;= cd;sl jfkdaoHdkh   iy l,a wdre  jkdka;rh folv lrñka mq;a;,u - ukakdru ud¾h bÈlsÍu ^tÆjkal=,fï isg is,dj;=r olajd& tu iuia;  jHdmD;sfha  fojk mshjr úh' bka miqj 2010 jir wjidkfha§  rlaIs; ;;a;ajhg m;a lsÍug m%:u l,awdre jkdka;rh t<s fmfy< lrñka wÆ;ska   ckdjdi msysgq ùfï lghq;= wdrïN flßK' tu.ska miq.sh  rcfha n,d‍fmdfrd;a;=j jQfha 2011 -2030  cd;sl fN!;sl  ie,eiaug  wkqj fï  m%foaYfha  uyd mßudK   ixpdrl mqrjrhla  yd uy mßudK k.rhla ìys lsÍfï jHdmD;sh  mshjfrka mshjr l%shd;aul  lsÍug wjYH  moku  ilia lr .ekSugh' ta i|yd ysgmq  ckdêm;s  uyskao rdcmlaI uy;d yd tjlg wd¾:sl  ixj¾Ok  wud;H neis,a rdcmlaI uy;d úiska  whjefhka úYd, Okialkaohla fjka flßK' Bg iu.dój ßIdâ nÈhq¾§ka wud;Hjrhd o ;u foaYmd,k yd fm!oa.,sl  Wjukdjka fjkqfjka fï jHdmD;sh miq.sh rcfha wkq.%yh yd wdYs¾jdoh hgf;a l%shd;aul flßK'

tys§ m<uqj wod< wud;Hjrhd úiska jk ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=jg yd ukakdru Èia;%sla ‍f,alïjrhdg oeä n,mEï t,a, lr jk ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;= hgf;a md,kh jk rchg wh;a jkdka;r ìï mdßißl kS;sÍ;s W,a,x>kh lrñka fjka lr .eKsk' bka miqj Èia;%sla ‍f,alïjrhd yryd tu NQñh wlalr nd.h ne.ska jQ  bvï len,s j,g fjka lr hqoaOfhka wj;eka jQ  ck;djg kej; mÈxÑ ùu i|yd ,nd fok nj i|yka lrñka mq;a;,u" l,amsáh  yd ukakdru m%foaY j, jHdmdßlhka we;=¿ bvï ysñ ck;djg yd ienE f,iu wj;eka jQ iq¿ msßilg fnod fokq ,enqKs'

kS;s úfrdaë jkdka;r úkdYhg kS;Hkql+, uqyqKqjrla ,nd §u  2010 jif¾ isg 2013 jir olajd kS;s úfrdaë f,i l,a wdre jkdka;rh t<s fmfy<s lr isÿ l< ckdjdi msysgqùfï  l%shdj,shg ßIdâ nÈhq¾§ka wud;Hjrhdf.a ueÈy;a ùfuka kS;Hkql=, uqyqKqjrla ,nd §u isÿ flrefKa 2013 jif¾§h' Bg fya;= jQfha  fuu kS;s úfrdaë  mßir úkdYldÍ l%shdjkag tfrysj mßirfõ§ka  oeä yඬla ke.Suhs' tu jif¾ ckjdß 15 jk Èk tjlg l¾udka; yd jdKsc  lghq;= ms<sn| wud;Hjrhd f,i lghq;= l<  ßIdâ  nÈhq¾§ka uy;df.a  m%Odk;ajfhka" mßir yd mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s wud;HdxYfha ‍f,alï yd jk ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ks,OdÍka iu. meje;s idlÉPdfõ§ wud;Hjrhd úiska fhduq l< “wj;eka jQ uqia,sï ck;dj  kej; mÈxÑ lsÍu i|yd jk ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=fõ md,kh hgf;a we;s bvï ksoyia lsÍu” hkqfjka oelafjk ,smsfha i|yka lr we;s mßÈ ysgmq jk ixrlaIK ckrd,a fla' mS' wdßhodi uy;d úiska ukakdru Èia;%sla ‍f,alïjrhd fj; fhduq lrk ,o 2013 fmnrjdß 14 Èk wxl ʾÉò/04/02/08/11/2012 ork ,smsh u.ska yd bka miqjo jk rlaIs; follg wh;a jkdka;r ck;dj mÈxÑlsÍu i|yd ksoyia flßK'

ta wkqj ukakdru Èia;%slalfha ußÉpqlâä - is,dj;=r ud¾.fha 23 yd 29 hk lsf,daóg¾ lKq w;r óg¾ 250la m<, jkdka;r ;Srhla" l+,kal=,ï" ;ïnod" uqi,slaldvq" fu;kaje,s" mkavdrfõ,s" mQkÉÑl=,ï" mQ;=fõ,s" uqid,s yd ldhl=,s hk .ïudk j, wj;eka jQ ck;dj mÈxÑ lsÍug yd msÉpdhs - jkakshdl=,ï ud¾.h  wdikakfha msysá .ïudkh wdY%s;j óg¾ 200la m<, jkdka;r ;Srejla wy;a;suqßmamq" msÉpdhs" jkakshdl=,ï" ‍fmdÜl¾ks"  fjmamkal=,ï hk .ïudk j, wj;eka jQ  ck;dj mÈxÑ lsÍug ,nd § we;'  fufia ,nd ÿka jkdka;r bvï w;=ßka  ußÉpqlâä - is,dj;=r ud¾.h fomi  msysá bvï ußÉpqlâä- lrälal=,s  jk rlaIs;hg;a msÉpdhs - jkakshdl=,ï ud¾.h  wdikakfha msysá bvï ú,;a;sl=,ï jk rlaIs;hg;a  wh;afõ'

óg wu;rj m,dhsl=,s" ußÉpqlâä yd lrälal=,s .ïudk ;=fkka wj;eka jQ mjq,a 940 la mÈxÑ lsÍu i|yd ;j;a bvï wlalr 280la ußÉpqlâä - lrälal=,s jk rlaIs;fhka ,nd §u isÿ lr we;' fufia ,nd ÿka bvï j,g wu;rj ußÉpqlâä - is,dj;=r ud¾.h fomiska   jkdka;r wlalr 770la yd msÉpdhs - jkakshdl=,ï ud¾.hg hdnoj wlalr 650la jYfhka ußÉpqlâä - lrälal=,s jk rlaIs;hg yd ú,;a;sl=,ï jk rlaIs;hg wh;a ;j;a jkdka;r wlalr 1420la kej;;a wj;eka jQ ck;dj mÈxÑ lsÍug ,nd§ ;sfí' fï whqßka ú,am;a;= cd;sl jfkdaoHdkhg W;=ßka  msysá jk rlaIs; j,g wh;a jkdka;r wlalr 1700la wjia:d lSysmhl§ ,nd § we;s w;r tu NQñhg wu;rj ;j;a jkdka;r  wlalr 1700la muK lsisÿ wkque;shlska fyda ks¾foaYhlska f;drj  fï jk úg n,y;aldrfhka t<s fmfy<s lr we;'

kej; mÈxÑ lsÍula fkdjk njg yd ckdjdi fkd;snqKq njg idOl jk ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=fjka kS;s úfrdaëj rlaIs; jkdka;r j,g wh;a bvï fjka lr f.k wÆ;ska ckdjdi msysgqùu isÿ lrk kuq;a ßIdâ nÈhq¾§ka wud;Hjrhd È.ska È.gu i|yka lrkafka wj;eka jQ ck;djf.a bvïj,u Tjqkaj  mÈxÑ lrk  nj;a fï m%foaY hqoaOh  meje;s iufha§ jkdka;rfhka jeiS f.dia  we;s nj;ah' tu m%ldY  ish,a,u idjoH  m%ldYhka h' wud;Hjrhd úiska  fhduq l< ,smsj,  meyeÈ,sju i|yka lr we;af;a fï jkdka;r m%foaYj,ska  mßndysr .ïudk j, wj;eka jQ ck;dj wÆ;ska mÈxÑ lsÍu i|yd jk ixrlaIK  fomd¾;fïka;=jg wh;a bvï ksoyia lr fok f,ih' tu ld,jljdkqfõ § fï iïnkaOfhka wud;Hjrhd iyNd.S jQ lsisÿ /iaùul§ fï bvïj,  fm!oa.,sl ysñldÍ;ajhla ms<sn|j i|yka lr fkdue;' wud;Hjrhd È.ska È.gu  b,a,d we;af;a jk ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=jg wh;a jkdka;r ck;dj mÈxÑ lsÍfï  ld¾hh i|yd ,nd fok f,igh' fï m%foaYfha ck;dj  mÈxÑj  isá .ïudk f,i meje;sfha kï fyda hqoaOh  meje;s ld,h ;=<§ w;yer oud ;snqfKa kï tajdfha  kej; mÈxÑ ùu i|yd jk ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=fjka wjir b,a,Su yd bvï  ksoyia lr  .ekSug lghq;= lf<a l=uk fya;=jla ksid oehs wud;Hjrhdg wo jk úg wu;l ù we;' Bg wu;rj ñksiqka mÈxÑj isá bvï rlaIs; njg m%ldYhg m;a lr we;akï Bg tfrysj  lghq;= fkdlf<a l=uk fya;=jla ksid oehs m%Yak l< hq;=h' tfia kuq;a wo jk úg Tyq fuu bvï wj;eka jQ ck;djg wh;a nj mjiñka  lsisÿ ìhlska f;drj wi;H lreKq iudc .; lr;s' tu lreKQ ms<sn|j lsisÿ fidhd ne,Sulska f;drj rcfha iuyr wud;Hjreka yd iuyr isú,a ixúOdk ksfhdað;hka tu idjoH lreKq ikd: lrk m%ldY ksl=;a lrñka Tjqka  j.lSï úrys;j" lreKq ksis mßÈ fidhd fkdn,d m%ldY ksl=;a lrk mqoa.,hka njg iudch bÈßfha  ;yjqre lr;s'

tmuKla fkdj 1938 jif¾ isg fï olajd m%ldYhg m;aj we;s  ishÆu is;shï mßYS,kh lsÍfï§o fï m%foaYfha lsisÿ wdldrhl ckdjdi fkdmej;s nj;a jkdka;r moaO;shla f,i meje;s nj;a ;yjqre ù ;sfí' wÛ‍f,a is;shï" 1•50"000 is;shï" .=jka  PdhdrEm  yd .+.,a is;shï mßYS,kh lsÍfï§ fï nj b;d fyd¢ka ;yjqre fõ' tu is;shï  ish,a, mßYS,kh lsÍfï§ fmkS hkafka 2010 jif¾ isg fï m%foaYfha jkdka;r úkdY lr wÆ;ska  ckdjdi we;s lsÍu wdrïN lr we;s njh'

fï wkqj fmkS hkafka ßIdâ nÈhq¾§ka wud;Hjrhd úiska uq¿uy;a iudchu uq,d lsÍug lghq;= l< njh' tmuKla fkdj weue;s jrm%ido Ndú;d lrñka lsisÿ ìhlska f;drj idjoH lreKq iudc .; lsÍu o isÿ lrk njh'

ienE f,iu idïm%odhsl .ïudkj, msysàu fuu idjoH lreKq iudc .; lsÍug ienE iïm%odhsl .ïudk j, PdhdrEm yd f;dr;=re rlaIs; jkdka;r ;=< ckdjdi msysá nj ;yjqre lsÍug ßIdâ nÈhq¾§ka wud;Hjrhd Ndú; lrkq ,efí' ú,am;a;= cd;sl jfkdaoHdkh  udhsfï i;H jYfhkau idïm%odhsl .ïudk folla msysgd ;sfí' tlla uqyqÿ iSudfõ isg rg wNHka;rh olajd jHdma;j we;s fud,a,sl=,ï .ïudkhhs' fuu .ïudkfha frdaudkq lf;da,sl  wd.u woyk oñ<  ck;dj Ôj;a úh' wlalr 3000 l muK NQñhla mqrd me;sreKq fuu .ïudkfha  fjr< ;Srfha wlalr 525la muK jHdma;j we;' 2007 jir jk úg fuu .ïudkfha  mjq,a 310 la mÈxÑj isá w;r .%du ks,Odß ‍f,aLkfha mjq,a 265 la ,shdmÈxÑj isg we;' fuu .ïudkfha ck;dj m%Odk jYfhkau lDIs l¾udka;fha ksr;j we;s w;r fldgila  ëjr l¾udka;fha ksr;j we;' óg wu;rj ó.uqj yd y,dj;  wd§ m%foaY j,ska ixl%uKh jk ëjrhka o fuu m%foaYfha ëjr l¾udka;fha ksr;j  we;'

fud,a,sl=,ï .ïudkfha lDIs l¾udka;h i|yd jeõ kjhlska c,h ,nd .eKsk' fuu jeõ ish,a,gu fudaor.x wdre yd fhdaO jefjka c,h ,efnhs' mq,shxl=,ï" fmßh;klall=,ï" iskak;klall=,ï" mdfj,sl=,ï" iskakúhdhäl=,ï" wvmamkal=,ï" mQÿlal=,u" md,häl=,ï yd w,ikal=,ï hk jeõ  kjh hgf;a l=Uqre wlalr 2200lg jeä ìï m%udKhla j.d flßK'

1650 jif¾§ muK fuu .ïudkh  wdrïN lr we;' fuys msysá  frdaudkq lf;da,sl m,a,sh bÈlsÍu i|yd uq,a., ;nd we;af;a  1825  jif¾§h' 1950 jif¾§ tys jev ksu lr we;' fuu m,a,sh wi,u  fud,a,sl=,ï" frdaudkq lf;da,sl fou< úoHd,h msysgd ;sfí'